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61.
A detailed examination of a high-temperature catalytic oxidation method for liquid samples in the analysis of total nitrogen dissolved in seawater is reported. The nitrogenous compounds in liquid samples are oxidized on a platinum catalyzer at 680°C under oxygen atmosphere and the generated NO2 is absorbed into a chromogenic reagent, followed by a spectrophotometric determination. The results of this method are much higher than those of wet oxidation methods. Molecular size dependency of the results clearly indicates that the above discrepancy is caused by the low oxidation capacity of the wet oxidation method against high-polymer organic matter dissolved in seawater. The results revealed that the concentration of total nitrogen in seawater is nearly constant from surface to bottom, ranging from 30 to 40 μM 1?1, which organic nitrogen concentration higher in the surface layer, and a rapid decrease with depth. An examination of molecular size distribution indicates that the concentration of high-polymer organic nitrogen decreases rapidly from surface to deeper layers, with molecular sizes ranging from 5 × 103 to 3 × 104. Because of the well-defined principle of the oxidation process, its reliability, ease of sample handling and of analytical procedure on board or in the land laboratory, the present method is much more suitable for the marine analytical chemistry of total and organic nitrogen than the other previous methods. 相似文献
62.
Yasuto Itoh 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2005,153(4):220-226
Off the southern coast of Hokkaido the Hidaka-oki (offshore Hidaka) basin has developed on the western flank of a collision suture under the influence of long-standing compressional plate motion and provoked tectonic stresses around the northwestern Pacific rim throughout the late Cenozoic. The basin forming history of the Japan arc and Kuril arc collision zone is described on the basis of seismic reflection data interpretation. We identify two stages of basin formation: the older (late Oligocene-Miocene) faulted en echelon graben (pull-apart basin) and younger (Plio-Pleistocene) regional downwarping. Paleoenvironmental changes recorded within the fore-arc sediments indicate that the older basin filled up by the late Miocene. We inferred the volumes of the distinctive basins from the depth-conversion of seismic data, which suggest episodic uplifts and massive erosion of the Hidaka Mountains in the middle-late Miocene and the Plio-Pleistocene. Estimated sediment supply rates into the basins have a similar level for the both stages. Cause of an episodic uplift in the older stage is attributed to the delayed opening of the Japan Sea. The eastern Eurasian margin underwent N-S right-lateral faulting at 25 Ma as a result of rifting of the Kuril back-arc basin. Formation of the Japan Sea back-arc basin since the early Miocene (ca. 20 Ma) caused eastward motion of the western Hokkaido block and transpressive regime along the pre-existing N-S shear deformation zone. 相似文献
63.
An effective stress method is presented for analysis of seismic response and liquefaction of irregular ground including soil–structure interaction, based on an implicit–explicit finite element method. A pore water pressure is computed with iteration from the total stress considering an undrained condition. The simulated pore water pressure is in reasonably good agreement with the experimental data. The proposed method of analysis is compared with other well-known methods for a one-dimensional model, which is in good agreement. The present effective stress method is also applied to liquefaction problems involving a two-dimensional soil–structure model. The structure is modelled by not only a rigid model but also as a multi-degree-of-freedom system with bi-linear springs. The numerical results are considered to be significant from the viewpoint of earthquake engineering. 相似文献
64.
T. Okita M. Okuda K. Murano T. Itoh I. Kanazawa M. Hirota H. Hara Y. Hashimoto S. Tsunogai S. Ohta Y. Ikebe 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1986,4(3):343-358
During the winters of 1981 and 1982, measurements were taken on two Japanese islands of the aerosol and gaseous species which had been carried by northwesterly monsoons over the Pacific Ocean. The aerosols were characterized as sea-salt particles; soil particles, and as particles of sulfate, nitrate, organics and elemental carbon. At Chichi-jima island, which is about 800 km away from the main islands of Japan, it was found that the level of the anthropogenic components of the aerosols was considerably higher than their background level. The mean concentrations of the species on the islands are given in tabular forms. According to a survey made on board a ferry boat, the aerosol and gaseous species were fairly uniformly distributed along the southern coast of the main Japanese islands. 相似文献
65.
66.
The spatial distribution of the larval abundance of the clam Ruditapes philippinarum has been investigated at 65 stations throughout Tokyo Bay on August 2, 2001. The large number of small D-shaped larvae that
were found shortly after hatching in the waters around the Banzu, Futtu, and Sanmaizu-Haneda areas indicates that spawning
populations in these areas probably contribute greatly to the larval supply in the bay. Small larvae also occurred abundantly
around the Yokohama and Ichihara port areas, suggesting that these port regions play a role in the transport of larvae into
Tokyo Bay.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
67.
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69.
Shigeki?HosodaEmail author Shang-Ping?Xie Kensuke?Takeuchi Masami?Nonaka 《Journal of Oceanography》2004,60(5):865-877
The North Pacific Central Mode Water (CMW) is a water mass that forms in the Kuroshio-Oyashio Extension (KOE) region with
characteristic low potential vorticity. Recent studies have suggested that the CMW, as low potential vorticity water, plays
an important role in the adjustment of the subtropical gyre and subsurface variability on decadal to interdecadal timescales.
We have forced a realistic ocean general circulation model (OGCM) with observed wind stress and sea surface temperature (SST)
forcing to investigate the decadal variations of the CMW. Associated with the large atmospheric changes after the mid-1970s
climate regime shift, the upper thermocline experiences a cooling as negative SST anomalies in the central North Pacific are
subducted and advected southward. In addition to this thermodynamic response, the CMW’s path shifts anomalously eastward in
response to anomalous Ekman pumping. This eastward shift of the core of the CMW produces a lowering of the isotherms, and
a consequent warming, on the path of the CMW core. This warming partially counteracts the cooling associated with subducted
surface anomalies, and it may be responsible for the reduced temperature variations at the climatological position of the
CMW when both anomalous wind and heat fluxes are given. Lateral induction across the sloping bottom of the winter mixed layer
in the KOE is critical to the formation of the low potential vorticity CMW. Coarse resolution models, which are widely used
in climate modeling, underestimate the horizontal gradient of the mixed layer depth and form only a weak CMW or none at all.
We have conducted a coarse resolution experiment with the same OGCM, showing that the subsurface response is much reduced.
In particular, there is no dynamic warming in the CMW and the thermodynamic response to the SST cooling dominates. The resultant
total response differs substantially from that in the finer resolution run where a strong CMW forms. This sensitivity to the
model resolution corroborates the important dynamical role that the CMW may play with its distinctive low potential vorticity
character and calls for its improved simulation. 相似文献
70.
Shinya Kouketsu Hitoshi Kaneko Takeshi Okunishi Kosei Sasaoka Sachihiko Itoh Ryuichiro Inoue Hiromichi Ueno 《Journal of Oceanography》2016,72(3):439-451
We investigated the relationship between chlorophyll a (Chl-a) concentrations estimated from satellite observations and the activity of eddies in the Kuroshio Extension region. High (low) area-averaged Chl-a concentrations were frequently observed in the core of cyclonic (anticyclonic) eddies. Such relationships between Chl-a concentrations and eddy cores were not frequently observed in the southern part of the recirculation gyre, and advection of background meridional gradient of Chl-a by eddy-edge currents accounted for Chl-a spatial variability. Decadal-scale changes of Chl-a concentrations around the Kuroshio Extension were strongly affected by eddy activity and transport but not by large-scale near-surface isopycnal heaving. We also found that decadal changes of nutrient concentrations near the main stream could affect Chl-a concentrations in the southern part of the recirculation gyre via southward transport of eddies and mean flow. 相似文献